{"id":6551,"date":"2026-02-05T09:46:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/cn\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-database-normalization-with-examples\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T09:46:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:46:44","slug":"a-comprehensive-guide-to-database-normalization-with-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/cn\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-database-normalization-with-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5982\u66f4\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7ec6\u8282\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5177\u6709\u591a\u9879\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> 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src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/img_6503eac4b1cdf.png\" width=\"1323\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u539f\u5b50\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u90fd\u5e94\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8303\u5f0f\uff082NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u57281NF\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c2NF\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u6ee1\u8db31NF\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u975e\u4e3b\u952e\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e3b\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u5373\u5904\u4e8e2NF\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8303\u5f0f\uff083NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> 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4NF\u5904\u7406\u591a\u503c\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u952e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u8303\u5f0f\uff085NF\uff09\u6216\u6295\u5f71-\u8fde\u63a5\u8303\u5f0f\uff08PJNF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> 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u4e863NF\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>\u7ecf\u7406<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e<code>\u5458\u5de5ID<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e3b\u952e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8868\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5458\u5de5\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5458\u5de5ID<\/th>\n<th>\u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6\u7ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u9c8d\u52c3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u9879\u76ee\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9879\u76eeID<\/th>\n<th>\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u79f0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<td>\u9879\u76eeA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<td>\u9879\u76eeB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>103<\/td>\n<td>\u9879\u76eeC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u5458\u5de5\u9879\u76ee\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5458\u5de5ID<\/th>\n<th>\u9879\u76eeID<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c<code>\u7ecf\u7406<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e<code>\u9879\u76eeID<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u8868\u7b26\u5408\u7b2c\u4e09\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u535a\u4f0a\u65af-\u79d1\u5fb7\u8303\u5f0f\uff08BCNF\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>BCNF\u662f3NF\u7684\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660eBCNF\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6559\u6388ID<\/th>\n<th>\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/th>\n<th>\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u53f7\u7801<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/td>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8be5\u8868\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86BCNF\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<code>\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/code>\u548c<code>\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u53f7\u7801<\/code>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5373\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u53f7\u7801\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230BCNF\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8868\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6559\u6388\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6559\u6388ID<\/th>\n<th>\u6559\u6388\u59d3\u540d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6559\u6388<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u6559\u6388<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u6559\u6388<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/th>\n<th>\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u53f7\u7801<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/td>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6559\u6388\u7814\u7a76\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6559\u6388ID<\/th>\n<th>\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u5904\u4e8eBCNF\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u56db\u8303\u5f0f\uff084NF\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>4NF\u5904\u7406\u591a\u503c\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u4e66\u7c4d\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4e66\u7c4dID<\/th>\n<th>\u6807\u9898<\/th>\n<th>\u4f5c\u8005<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u4e66A<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u8005X\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u4e66B<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u8005Y\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u4e66C<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u8005X<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6b64\u8868\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e864NF\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u591a\u503c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<code>\u4e66ID<\/code> \u548c <code>\u4f5c\u8005<\/code>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u52304NF\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8868\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e66\u7c4d\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4e66ID<\/th>\n<th>\u6807\u9898<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u4e66A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u4e66B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u4e66C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u4f5c\u8005ID<\/th>\n<th>\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u540d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u8005X<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u8005Y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u8005Z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u56fe\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005\u8868\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u56fe\u4e66ID<\/th>\n<th>\u4f5c\u8005ID<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u8303\u5f0f\uff084NF\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u503c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5df2\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7b2c\u4e94\u8303\u5f0f\uff085NF\uff09\u6216\u6295\u5f71-\u8fde\u63a5\u8303\u5f0f\uff08PJNF\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>5NF\u6216PJNF\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u8fd9\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5b9e\u73b05NF\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u8bf4\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff08\u5982BCNF\u548c4NF\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u8303\u5f0f\uff083NF\uff09\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u521b\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f15\u8a00 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