{"id":6346,"date":"2026-02-04T13:26:03","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T05:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-sequence-diagram-notation-in-uml\/"},"modified":"2026-02-04T13:26:03","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T05:26:03","slug":"understanding-sequence-diagram-notation-in-uml","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-sequence-diagram-notation-in-uml\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh vi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML<\/h2>\n<p>Trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Sequence Diagram Example\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/01-sequence-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 UML:<\/p>\n<h2>1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actors)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Actor\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/02-actor.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p><em>Ghi ch\u00fa: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Lifeline\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/03-lifeline.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>3. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Activation\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/04-activation.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>4. Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ipxgiRx\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2980\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"75\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/img_6528afff18528.png\" width=\"229\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>5. Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img alt=\"Return Message\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/06-return-message.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>6. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Self-Message\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/07-self-message.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>7. Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img alt=\"Recursive Message\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/08-recursive-message.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>8. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img alt=\"Create Message\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/09-create-message.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>9. Tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Destroy Message\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/10-destroy-message.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>10. Tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Duration Message\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/11-duration-message.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>11. Ghi ch\u00fa<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Note\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/12-note.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>12. Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cao, m\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Message and Focus of Control\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/13-message-and-focus-of-control.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>13. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Combined Fragment example\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/15-combined-fragment-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 to\u00e1n t\u1eed:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>alt<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n<li><code>opt<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><code>par<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i song song, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi song song.<\/li>\n<li><code>loop<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><code>region<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li><code>neg<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i \u00e2m, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><code>ref<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i tham chi\u1ebfu, tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><code>sd<\/code>: Kh\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao quanh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ecd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<h2>14. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Combined Fragment example\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/15-combined-fragment-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>15. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n<p><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Sequence Diagram for Use Case\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/16-sequence-diagram-for-use-case.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tin nh\u1eafn trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 Tin nh\u1eafn G\u1ecdi, Tin nh\u1eafn Tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1, Tin nh\u1eafn B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, Tin nh\u1eafn \u0110\u1ec7 quy, Tin nh\u1eafn T\u1ea1o, Tin nh\u1eafn X\u00f3a v\u00e0 Tin nh\u1eafn Th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ghi nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c v\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o tinh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh vi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML Trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 UML: 1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actors) M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: Ghi ch\u00fa: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. 2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 3. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 4. Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 5. Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: \u00a0 6. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 7. Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 8. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 9. Tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 10. Tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi tin nh\u1eafn. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 11. Ghi ch\u00fa M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 12. Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cao, m\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 13. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 to\u00e1n t\u1eed: alt: Kh\u1ed1i thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. opt: Kh\u1ed1i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. par: Kh\u1ed1i song song, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi song song. loop: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. region: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. neg: Kh\u1ed1i \u00e2m, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. ref: Kh\u1ed1i tham chi\u1ebfu, tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. sd: Kh\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao quanh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ecd h\u1ee3p<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-sequence-diagram-notation-in-uml\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uml"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-sequence-diagram-notation-in-uml\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh vi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML Trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 UML: 1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actors) M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: Ghi ch\u00fa: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. 2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 3. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 4. Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 5. Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: \u00a0 6. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 7. Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 8. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 9. Tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 10. Tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi tin nh\u1eafn. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 11. Ghi ch\u00fa M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 12. Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cao, m\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 13. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 to\u00e1n t\u1eed: alt: Kh\u1ed1i thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. opt: Kh\u1ed1i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. par: Kh\u1ed1i song song, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi song song. loop: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. region: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. neg: Kh\u1ed1i \u00e2m, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. ref: Kh\u1ed1i tham chi\u1ebfu, tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. sd: Kh\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao quanh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. 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Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-sequence-diagram-notation-in-uml\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","og_description":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh vi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai tham gia v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong UML Trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 UML: 1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actors) M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: Ghi ch\u00fa: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. 2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 3. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 4. Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: 5. Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:Tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan: \u00a0 6. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 7. Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 8. Tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 9. Tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 10. Tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi tin nh\u1eafn. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 11. Ghi ch\u00fa M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 12. Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eadp trung ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cao, m\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: 13. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 to\u00e1n t\u1eed: alt: Kh\u1ed1i thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. opt: Kh\u1ed1i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. par: Kh\u1ed1i song song, m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi song song. loop: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. region: Kh\u1ed1i v\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. neg: Kh\u1ed1i \u00e2m, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. ref: Kh\u1ed1i tham chi\u1ebfu, tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. sd: Kh\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao quanh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. 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