{"id":6376,"date":"2026-02-04T17:29:11","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T09:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/"},"modified":"2026-02-04T17:29:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T09:29:11","slug":"understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DFD<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Sau s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p:<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh DFD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo logic:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic. H\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo logic v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong khi tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DFD S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t Sau s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfp theo. T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a Khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh: Lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh DFD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cao. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: Khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo logic: Khi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic. H\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n: Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Khi di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: \u0110\u00e1nh<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dfd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DFD S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t Sau s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfp theo. T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a Khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh: Lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh DFD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cao. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: Khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo logic: Khi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic. H\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n: Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Khi di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. 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Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DFD S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t Sau s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfp theo. T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a Khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh: Lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh DFD b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cao. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: Khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo logic: Khi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic. H\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n: Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Khi di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: \u0110\u00e1nhHi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p","og_url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-02-04T09:29:11+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"vpadmin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"4 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/"},"headline":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p","datePublished":"2026-02-04T09:29:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/"},"wordCount":2077,"commentCount":0,"articleSection":["DFD"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/","name":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-02-04T09:29:11+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/292e97a06c90d6d605ddfd451bfdfe6f"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"DFD","item":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/category\/dfd\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/","name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","description":"Smart guides for an AI-driven world","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6376"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6376\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}