{"id":6389,"date":"2026-02-04T18:05:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T10:05:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/decoding-data-flow-diagrams-unveiling-the-essence-of-information-movement\/"},"modified":"2026-02-04T18:05:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T10:05:58","slug":"decoding-data-flow-diagrams-unveiling-the-essence-of-information-movement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/decoding-data-flow-diagrams-unveiling-the-essence-of-information-movement\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, DFD n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n khai ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, do Ed Yourdon v\u00e0 Larry Constantine s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

DFD ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a DFD:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
  2. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
  4. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  5. \"Chapter<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, DeMarco-Yourdon v\u00e0 Gane-Sarson, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a DFD.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong DFD<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    DFD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111a l\u1edbp, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \"Data<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    2. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    3. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2:<\/strong>Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n
    4. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      DFD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
      2. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra.<\/li>\n
      3. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
      4. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li>\n
      5. Vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
      6. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh,S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/a>v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi s\u00e1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a DFD, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a DFD, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft, t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh tinh vi, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. DFD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1m vi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        \"Easy-to-use<\/p>\n

        Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbiVisual Paradigm<\/a>. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng thao t\u00e1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c quan, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1edd c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c\u2014Visual Paradigm trao quy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, DFD n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n khai ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, do Ed Yourdon v\u00e0 Larry Constantine s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. DFD ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a DFD: DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: Quy tr\u00ecnh:\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:Minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u00a0 S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, DeMarco-Yourdon v\u00e0 Gane-Sarson, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a DFD. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong DFD DFD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111a l\u1edbp, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1:Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2:Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n:M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) DFD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh,S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi s\u00e1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabnGi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/decoding-data-flow-diagrams-unveiling-the-essence-of-information-movement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, DFD n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n khai ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, do Ed Yourdon v\u00e0 Larry Constantine s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. DFD ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a DFD: DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: Quy tr\u00ecnh:\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:Minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u00a0 S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, DeMarco-Yourdon v\u00e0 Gane-Sarson, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a DFD. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong DFD DFD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111a l\u1edbp, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1:Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2:Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n:M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) DFD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh,S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi s\u00e1ng. 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H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh, DFD n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n khai ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f4ng qua S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, do Ed Yourdon v\u00e0 Larry Constantine s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. DFD ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a DFD: DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: Quy tr\u00ecnh:\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:Minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u00a0 S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, DeMarco-Yourdon v\u00e0 Gane-Sarson, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a DFD. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong DFD DFD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111a l\u1edbp, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1:Cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2:Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n:M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) DFD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh,S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi s\u00e1ng. 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