{"id":6545,"date":"2026-02-05T09:36:47","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T09:36:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:36:47","slug":"designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2>Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ERD, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<p>a. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p>b. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ISBN, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, v.v.<\/p>\n<p>c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 &#8220;M\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>d. T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, cho bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p>a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ISBN c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>b. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba) \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>c. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>d. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221; thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sau khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p>a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3ng: T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;, &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>b. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>c. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>d. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c: Tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, S\u00e1ch, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 Giao d\u1ecbch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e1ch: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ISBN (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n: L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 PatronID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>Giao d\u1ecbch: B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m TransactionID (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), BookID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch), PatronID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n) v\u00e0 DueDate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-\u0111a, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e1ch v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i qua quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang theo D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF), D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF) v\u00e0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF).<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u00e1ch\n<ul>\n<li>ISBN (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<li>AuthorID (Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3\n<ul>\n<li>AuthorID (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n\n<ul>\n<li>PatronID (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Giao d\u1ecbch\n<ul>\n<li>TransactionID (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li>BookID (Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<li>PatronID (Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0y tr\u1ea3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3ng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 1NF v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u00f4 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2NF, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ea3ng S\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ISBN, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chia b\u1ea3ng S\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai b\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00e1ch (2NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISBN (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li>AuthorID (Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng tin s\u00e1ch (2NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISBN (FK)<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong 3NF, ch\u00fang ta lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. B\u1ea3ng Patrons kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3ng Transactions c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Books th\u00f4ng qua BookID. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi cho giao d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giao d\u1ecbch (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TransactionID (PK)<\/li>\n<li>PatronID (FK)<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1ee3n (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TransactionID (FK)<\/li>\n<li>BookID (FK)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea3ng Transactions ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o PatronID, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng BorrowedBooks qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 3NF nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00e1ch (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISBN (PK)<\/li>\n<li>AuthorID (FK)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISBN (FK)<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AuthorID (PK)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PatronID (PK)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Giao d\u1ecbch (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TransactionID (PK)<\/li>\n<li>PatronID (FK)<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0yDue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1ee3n (3NF):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TransactionID (FK)<\/li>\n<li>BookID (FK)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn 3NF, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>\u2014 B\u1ea3ng cho T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<br \/>\nT\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Authors (<br \/>\nAuthorID INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nName VARCHAR(255)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 B\u1ea3ng cho S\u00e1ch<br \/>\nT\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Books (<br \/>\nISBN VARCHAR(13) KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nAuthorID INT,<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (AuthorID) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Authors(AuthorID)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 B\u1ea3ng cho Chi ti\u1ebft S\u00e1ch<br \/>\nT\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG BookDetails (<br \/>\nISBN VARCHAR(13),<br \/>\nTitle VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\nNg\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n DATE,<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (ISBN) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Books(ISBN)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 B\u1ea3ng cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n<br \/>\nT\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Patrons (<br \/>\nPatronID INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nName VARCHAR(255)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 B\u1ea3ng cho Giao d\u1ecbch<br \/>\nT\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Transactions (<br \/>\nTransactionID INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nPatronID INT,<br \/>\nDueDate DATE,<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (PatronID) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Patrons(PatronID)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 B\u1ea3ng cho BorrowedBooks (\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a gi\u1eefa Giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch)<br \/>\nT\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG BorrowedBooks (<br \/>\nTransactionID INT,<br \/>\nISBN VARCHAR(13),<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (TransactionID) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Transactions(TransactionID),<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (ISBN) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Books(ISBN)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ERD, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t: a. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch. b. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ISBN, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, v.v. c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 &#8220;M\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. d. T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, cho bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ISBN c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. b. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba) \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan. c. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. d. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221; thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Sau khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3ng: T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;, &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221;). b. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. c. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;. d. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c: Tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, S\u00e1ch, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 Giao d\u1ecbch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean. S\u00e1ch: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ISBN (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n: L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 PatronID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean. Giao d\u1ecbch: B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m TransactionID (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), BookID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch), PatronID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n) v\u00e0 DueDate. C\u00e1c<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data-modeling-database"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ERD, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t: a. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch. b. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ISBN, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, v.v. c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 &#8220;M\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. d. T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, cho bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ISBN c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. b. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba) \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan. c. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. d. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221; thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Sau khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3ng: T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;, &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221;). b. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. c. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;. d. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c: Tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, S\u00e1ch, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 Giao d\u1ecbch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean. S\u00e1ch: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ISBN (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n: L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 PatronID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean. Giao d\u1ecbch: B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m TransactionID (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), BookID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch), PatronID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n) v\u00e0 DueDate. 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Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ERD, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t: a. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch. b. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ISBN, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, v.v. c. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 &#8220;M\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221; v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. d. T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, cho bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ISBN c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. b. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai, d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba) \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan. c. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. d. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221; thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Sau khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3ng: T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221;, &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;, &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n&#8221;). b. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ERD. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. c. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng &#8220;S\u00e1ch&#8221; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&#8221;. d. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c: Tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, S\u00e1ch, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 Giao d\u1ecbch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean. S\u00e1ch: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ISBN (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 AuthorID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n: L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 PatronID l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh T\u00ean. Giao d\u1ecbch: B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m TransactionID (kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh), BookID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch), PatronID (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n) v\u00e0 DueDate. C\u00e1cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u","og_url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-02-05T01:36:47+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"vpadmin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"6 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/"},"headline":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u","datePublished":"2026-02-05T01:36:47+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/"},"wordCount":2828,"commentCount":0,"articleSection":["Data Modeling \/ Database"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/designing-a-library-system-from-erd-to-normalization-to-database-schema\/","name":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u - 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