{"id":6552,"date":"2026-02-05T09:54:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T09:54:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:54:34","slug":"optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"group w-full text-token-text-primary border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-7\">\n<div class=\"p-4 justify-center text-base md:gap-6 md:py-6 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-1 gap-4 text-base mx-auto md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-[38rem] xl:max-w-3xl }\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3 max-w-full\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-3 overflow-x-auto whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1ed7i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng SQL (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac).<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF): \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a (c\u1ed9t) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p id=\"adPGCMD\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2069\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"187\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/img_6503dec470676.png\" width=\"454\"\/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Boyce-Codd (BCNF) v\u00e0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (4NF), gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 B\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0<code>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n<\/code> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch<\/code> (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh)<\/li>\n<li><code>Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>Th\u1ec3_lo\u1ea1i<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>N\u0103m_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch<\/th>\n<th>Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\n<th>T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 2\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 2\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 2\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cB\u00ed \u1ea9n\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 3\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 4\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 3\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 3\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 5\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 4\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 4\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cTruy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>D\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi x\u00f3a<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<code>S\u00e1ch<\/code>, <code>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/code>, v\u00e0<code>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>S\u00e1ch<\/code> B\u1ea3ng:<br \/>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch<\/th>\n<th>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>N\u0103m_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 2\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cB\u00ed \u1ea9n\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 3\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 4\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u201cS\u00e1ch 5\u201d<\/td>\n<td>\u201cTh\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i\u201d<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/code>B\u1ea3ng:<br \/>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ID_T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3<\/th>\n<th>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 2\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 3\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 4\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<li><code>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/code>B\u1ea3ng:<br \/>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ID_Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 2\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 3\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 4\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n khi x\u00f3a s\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. Trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, \u201cT\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\u201d minh ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex justify-between lg:block\">\n<div class=\"text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-2 md:gap-3 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible\">\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex gap-1\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1ed7i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng SQL (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac). Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF): \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a (c\u1ed9t) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Boyce-Codd (BCNF) v\u00e0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (4NF), gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 B\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t sau: M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh) Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3_lo\u1ea1i N\u0103m_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu: M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1 \u201cS\u00e1ch 1\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d 2020 2 \u201cS\u00e1ch 2\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 2\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 2\u201d \u201cB\u00ed \u1ea9n\u201d 2019 3 \u201cS\u00e1ch 3\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d 2021 4 \u201cS\u00e1ch 4\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 3\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 3\u201d \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d 2022 5 \u201cS\u00e1ch 5\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 4\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 4\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o\u201d 2018 B\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: D\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6553,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-modeling-database"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1ed7i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng SQL (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac). Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF): \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a (c\u1ed9t) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Boyce-Codd (BCNF) v\u00e0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (4NF), gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 B\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t sau: M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh) Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3_lo\u1ea1i N\u0103m_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu: M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1 \u201cS\u00e1ch 1\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d 2020 2 \u201cS\u00e1ch 2\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 2\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 2\u201d \u201cB\u00ed \u1ea9n\u201d 2019 3 \u201cS\u00e1ch 3\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d 2021 4 \u201cS\u00e1ch 4\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 3\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 3\u201d \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d 2022 5 \u201cS\u00e1ch 5\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 4\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 4\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o\u201d 2018 B\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: D\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0yT\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-05T01:54:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/img_6503dec470676.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"454\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"187\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"vpadmin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\"},\"headline\":\"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-05T01:54:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\"},\"wordCount\":2378,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/img_6503dec470676.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Data Modeling \/ Database\"],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/\",\"name\":\"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a - 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H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1ed7i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng SQL (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac). Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF): \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a (c\u1ed9t) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0m v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF): D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2NF, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Boyce-Codd (BCNF) v\u00e0 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (4NF), gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 B\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t sau: M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh) Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3_lo\u1ea1i N\u0103m_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu: M\u00e3_s\u00e1ch Ti\u00eau_\u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e1c_gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0_xu\u1ea5t_b\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i N\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1 \u201cS\u00e1ch 1\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d 2020 2 \u201cS\u00e1ch 2\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 2\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 2\u201d \u201cB\u00ed \u1ea9n\u201d 2019 3 \u201cS\u00e1ch 3\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 1\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d 2021 4 \u201cS\u00e1ch 4\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 3\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 3\u201d \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d 2022 5 \u201cS\u00e1ch 5\u201d \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 4\u201d \u201cNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 4\u201d \u201cTruy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o\u201d 2018 B\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: D\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0yT\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a","og_url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-02-05T01:54:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":454,"height":187,"url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/img_6503dec470676.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"vpadmin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"5 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/"},"headline":"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a","datePublished":"2026-02-05T01:54:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/"},"wordCount":2378,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/img_6503dec470676.png","articleSection":["Data Modeling \/ Database"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/optimizing-data-management-a-journey-from-denormalization-to-normalization\/","name":"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a - 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