{"id":6578,"date":"2026-02-05T10:55:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T02:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comparing-state-diagrams-and-activity-diagrams-in-software-engineering-choosing-the-right-modeling-tool\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T10:55:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T02:55:01","slug":"comparing-state-diagrams-and-activity-diagrams-in-software-engineering-choosing-the-right-modeling-tool","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comparing-state-diagrams-and-activity-diagrams-in-software-engineering-choosing-the-right-modeling-tool\/","title":{"rendered":"So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-state-machine-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/a>ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-activity-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a>, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3), c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i).<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n), c\u00e1c n\u00fat h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u (\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"State Machine Diagram vs Activity Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/01-state-machine-diagram-vs-activity-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: \u201c\u0110\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cV\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cXanh\u201d. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: \u0110\u1ecf, V\u00e0ng, Xanh<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecf \u2192 V\u00e0ng (\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian khi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf k\u1ebft th\u00fac)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e0ng \u2192 Xanh (\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian khi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac)<\/li>\n<li>Xanh \u2192 \u0110\u1ecf (\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian khi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e8n xanh k\u1ebft th\u00fac)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian).<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a cho quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n<li>X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00e3 g\u1eedi.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i theo d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau (\u0110\u1ecf, V\u00e0ng, Xanh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian).<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/h2>\n<p>Trong bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang ch\u1edd, cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n. Khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u00f2n trong kho, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang ch\u1edd, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t chu k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang ch\u1edd khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"UML state chart for vending machine\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_641a7203ec97d.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n hay ch\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n trong kho, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u00fat d\u1eebng, cho th\u1ea5y giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u00fat d\u1eebng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u00fat d\u1eebng. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, giao d\u1ecbch k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"UML activity diagram for an activity diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_641a72bdc5e88.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 th\u00f4ng qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\n<th>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/th>\n<th>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cdt tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cdt t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cdt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: ch\u1edd, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, n\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i; chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp: \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chuy\u1ebfn bay, ch\u1ecdn chuy\u1ebfn bay, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7, x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00fat h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y n\u00ean gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tinh vi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y trong vi\u1ec7c minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a logic quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ich\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3), c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n), c\u00e1c n\u00fat h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u (\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comparing-state-diagrams-and-activity-diagrams-in-software-engineering-choosing-the-right-modeling-tool\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comparing-state-diagrams-and-activity-diagrams-in-software-engineering-choosing-the-right-modeling-tool\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ich\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3), c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n), c\u00e1c n\u00fat h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u (\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. 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Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comparing-state-diagrams-and-activity-diagrams-in-software-engineering-choosing-the-right-modeling-tool\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","og_description":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ich\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3), c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n), c\u00e1c n\u00fat h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u (\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. 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