{"id":6610,"date":"2026-02-05T12:12:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T04:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-activity-diagrams-in-uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T12:12:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T04:12:31","slug":"understanding-activity-diagrams-in-uml-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-activity-diagrams-in-uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi trong UML, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> N\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong> N\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat chia:<\/strong>C\u00e1c n\u00fat chia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00fat g\u1ed9p:<\/strong>C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c container th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"flex-1 overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-blikc-79elbk h-full dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-blikc-1n7m0yu\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"group w-full text-token-text-primary border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-5\">\n<div class=\"p-4 justify-center text-base md:gap-6 md:py-6 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-1 gap-4 text-base mx-auto md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-[38rem] xl:max-w-3xl }\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3 max-w-full\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-3 overflow-x-auto whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 K\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (h\u00ecnh thoi) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p:<\/strong>V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e3y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u00fat g\u1ed9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat Chia v\u00e0 G\u1ed9p:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat chia v\u00e0 g\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n chia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Th\u00eam nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>Hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm c\u00e1c n\u00fat chia t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u00fat h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<div class=\"flex-1 overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-blikc-79elbk h-full dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-blikc-1n7m0yu\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"group w-full text-token-text-primary border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-5\">\n<div class=\"p-4 justify-center text-base md:gap-6 md:py-6 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-1 gap-4 text-base mx-auto md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-[38rem] xl:max-w-3xl }\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3 max-w-full\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-3 overflow-x-auto whitespace-pre-wrap break-words\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7y v\u00e9 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e9 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd hay v\u00e9 l\u1ebb. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chia t\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1795\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"697\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/img_650123b0cc889.png\" width=\"556\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u1ea7y v\u00e9 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t g\u00e1n gh\u1ebf, trao th\u01b0\u1edfng, r\u1ed3i ghi n\u1ee3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c trao th\u01b0\u1edfng, sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e1n gh\u1ebf, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ghi n\u1ee3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi n\u1ee3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n gh\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m chia t\u00e1ch. Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u00e1n gh\u1ebf v\u00e0 ghi n\u1ee3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0n b\u01a1i<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda vi\u1ec7c chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0n b\u01a1i, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau trong quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1796\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"709\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/img_6501282848853.png\" width=\"673\"\/><\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m<strong>lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8220;\u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221; khi n\u00f3 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u &#8220;Order[placed]&#8221; cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i &#8220;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t&#8221; trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5&#8221; nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221;. Sau khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221; k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i &#8220;\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp&#8221;, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1edfi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo sau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng &#8220;Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng&#8221;. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra (th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai vai tr\u00f2). M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u00e1c n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong UML l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi trong UML, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n. Giao ti\u1ebfp: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh: Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. X\u00e1c minh: Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n. N\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: N\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac: N\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n: C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00fat h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. N\u00fat chia:C\u00e1c n\u00fat chia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u00fat g\u1ed9p:C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i:C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c container th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngang. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh:X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:Chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 K\u1ebft th\u00fac:\u0110\u1eb7t n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf cu\u1ed1i. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-activity-diagrams-in-uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/understanding-activity-diagrams-in-uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi trong UML, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n. Giao ti\u1ebfp: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh: Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. X\u00e1c minh: Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n. 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N\u00fat h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. N\u00fat chia:C\u00e1c n\u00fat chia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u00fat g\u1ed9p:C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i:C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c container th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngang. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh:X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:Chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. 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Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi trong UML, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n. Giao ti\u1ebfp: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh: Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. X\u00e1c minh: Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n. N\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: N\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac: N\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n: C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: C\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00fat h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t sau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. N\u00fat chia:C\u00e1c n\u00fat chia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u00fat g\u1ed9p:C\u00e1c n\u00fat g\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i:C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c container th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngang. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh:X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy tr\u00ecnh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:Chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u00fat Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 K\u1ebft th\u00fac:\u0110\u1eb7t n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf cu\u1ed1i. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra. 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