{"id":6615,"date":"2026-02-05T12:23:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T04:23:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-the-art-of-uml-component-diagrams-a-guide-to-software-architecture-modeling-and-design\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T12:23:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T04:23:34","slug":"mastering-the-art-of-uml-component-diagrams-a-guide-to-software-architecture-modeling-and-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-the-art-of-uml-component-diagrams-a-guide-to-software-architecture-modeling-and-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML:<\/p>\n

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  1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
  2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  3. T\u1ed5ng quan H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
  4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  5. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  6. T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Duy tr\u00ec:<\/strong>Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  7. Xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  8. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong UML<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML:<\/p>\n

    \"What<\/p>\n

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    1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c thi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module logic. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n
    2. Giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Giao di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/li>\n
    3. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kia. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
    4. C\u1ed5ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    5. Giao di\u1ec7n Cung c\u1ea5p:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra giao di\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n) m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
    6. Giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u00edn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    7. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
    8. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    9. Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
    10. G\u00f3i:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    11. R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n

      Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c thi qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      Sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

      Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh module, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Giao di\u1ec7n:M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Duy tr\u00ec:Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ec3n khai:M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong UML M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c thi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module logic. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong. Giao di\u1ec7n:\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Giao di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kia. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. C\u1ed5ng:M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n. Giao di\u1ec7n Cung c\u1ea5p:Ch\u1ec9 ra giao di\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n) m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. Giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u00edn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","category-visual-modeling"],"yoast_head":"\nTh\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-the-art-of-uml-component-diagrams-a-guide-to-software-architecture-modeling-and-design\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Giao di\u1ec7n:M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Duy tr\u00ec:Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ec3n khai:M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong UML M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c thi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module logic. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong. Giao di\u1ec7n:\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Giao di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kia. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. C\u1ed5ng:M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n. Giao di\u1ec7n Cung c\u1ea5p:Ch\u1ec9 ra giao di\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n) m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. Giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u00edn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. 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Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-the-art-of-uml-component-diagrams-a-guide-to-software-architecture-modeling-and-design\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","og_description":"Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Giao di\u1ec7n:M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Duy tr\u00ec:Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ec3n khai:M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong UML M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t module ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p cao, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c thi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c module logic. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong. Giao di\u1ec7n:\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Giao di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kia. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. C\u1ed5ng:M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n. Giao di\u1ec7n Cung c\u1ea5p:Ch\u1ec9 ra giao di\u1ec7n (c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n) m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. Giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u00edn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1eafp r\u00e1p: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. 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