{"id":6745,"date":"2026-02-05T22:45:05","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T14:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T22:45:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T14:45:05","slug":"togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/","title":{"rendered":"TOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh TOGAF ADM, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t &#8220;m\u1eabu&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: &#8220;m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c&#8221; (Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch M\u1eabu \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng L\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi M. Fowler).<\/p>\n<p>Trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, khi n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi l\u00e0m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (ABBs\/SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1979. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 Alexander \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c (A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eabu trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong TOGAF ADM<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF c\u1ee7a Open Group, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ADM, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ABBs) ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Alexander sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tham chi\u1ebfu \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eabu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ABBs v\u00e0 SBBs.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eabu quy tr\u00ecnh \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. T\u00ean m\u1eabu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho m\u1eabu, c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u1eabu nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u1eabu cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eabu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1eabu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. T\u00ean m\u1eabu:<\/strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>M\u1eabu \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i: ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngang: th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea3i t\u0103ng th\u00eam.<\/li>\n<li>Chia nh\u1ecf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: chia nh\u1ecf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ea3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hay ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng doanh thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p:<\/strong>M\u1eabu \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng ty n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 NGINX, tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Redis ho\u1eb7c Memcached, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u01b0 AWS ho\u1eb7c Azure. Vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 MongoDB.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1eabu li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: chia nh\u1ecf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed5ng API: cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>9. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>High Scalability (<a href=\"https:\/\/highscalability.com\/\">blog<\/a>):<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng C\u00e1c Trang Web C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng (s\u00e1ch) c\u1ee7a Cal Henderson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (SSO):<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Two Factor Multi-Factor Authentication Security Concept\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.istockphoto.com\/id\/1180475665\/vector\/two-factor-multi-factor-authentication-security-concept.jpg?b=1&amp;s=612x612&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=_tvIGfZMkUKe_D6R8LjogWTNNeSCMv6EMNrwGLxe76c=\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. T\u00ean m\u1eabu:<\/strong> \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (SSO)<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> M\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p danh t\u00ednh (IdP): m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SP): m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o IdP \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 do IdP cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 SAML, OAuth ho\u1eb7c OpenID Connect \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa IdP v\u00e0 SP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. C\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00eam h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 SAML, OAuth ho\u1eb7c OpenID Connect. C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o IdP cho x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi IdP, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1eabu li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft: m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng do IdP cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>9. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (SSO) (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Single_sign-on\">Wikipedia<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed5ng quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt SAML (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oasis-open.org\/committees\/download.php\/27819\/sstc-saml-tech-overview-2.0-cd-02.pdf\">OASIS<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp. M\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c module, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, v\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SOA), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh (BPM) v\u00e0 C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u00edch h\u1ee3p doanh nghi\u1ec7p (EIP), trong khi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh-View-Controller (MVC), Microservices v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ktRLSpY\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1021\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"561\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/img_641aacb2ea57f.png\" width=\"830\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang n\u00ean giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh-View-Controller (MVC), Microservices, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp, Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SOA) v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (EDA).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible\">\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>M\u1eabu M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh-View-Controller (MVC): M\u1eabu n\u00e0y chia m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, View v\u00e0 Controller \u2013 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Microservices: M\u1eabu n\u00e0y chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp: M\u1eabu n\u00e0y chia m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp logic, m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh module v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (SOA): M\u1eabu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (EDA): M\u1eabu n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n (DDD): M\u1eabu n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c: M\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xung quanh m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i trung t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa l\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>CQRS (T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n): M\u1eabu n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, cho ph\u00e9p truy v\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: M\u1eabu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch: M\u1eabu n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (SSO). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh TOGAF ADM, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec M\u1ed9t &#8220;m\u1eabu&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: &#8220;m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c&#8221; (Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch M\u1eabu \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng L\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi M. Fowler). Trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, khi n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi l\u00e0m v\u1eady. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (ABBs\/SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1979. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 Alexander \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c (A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eabu trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong TOGAF ADM Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF c\u1ee7a Open Group, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ADM, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ABBs) ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Alexander sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tham chi\u1ebfu \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. M\u1eabu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ABBs v\u00e0 SBBs. M\u1eabu quy tr\u00ecnh \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">TOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-architecture","category-togaf"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh TOGAF ADM, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec M\u1ed9t &#8220;m\u1eabu&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: &#8220;m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c&#8221; (Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch M\u1eabu \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng L\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi M. Fowler). Trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, khi n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi l\u00e0m v\u1eady. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (ABBs\/SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1979. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 Alexander \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c (A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eabu trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong TOGAF ADM Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF c\u1ee7a Open Group, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ADM, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ABBs) ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Alexander sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tham chi\u1ebfu \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. M\u1eabu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ABBs v\u00e0 SBBs. M\u1eabu quy tr\u00ecnh \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. 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C\u00e1c m\u1eabu cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh TOGAF ADM, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec M\u1ed9t &#8220;m\u1eabu&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: &#8220;m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c&#8221; (Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch M\u1eabu \u2013 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng L\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi M. Fowler). Trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, khi n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi l\u00e0m v\u1eady. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (ABBs\/SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1979. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 Alexander \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c (A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eabu trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong TOGAF ADM Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TOGAF c\u1ee7a Open Group, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ADM, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ABBs) ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (SBBs) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi Christopher Alexander, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Timeless Way of Building. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Alexander sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, A Pattern Language v\u00e0 The Oregon Experiment. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tham chi\u1ebfu \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. M\u1eabu gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ABBs v\u00e0 SBBs. M\u1eabu quy tr\u00ecnh \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3nTOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac","og_url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-02-05T14:45:05+00:00","og_image":[{"width":830,"height":561,"url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/img_641aacb2ea57f.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"vpadmin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"13 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/"},"headline":"TOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac","datePublished":"2026-02-05T14:45:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/"},"wordCount":6423,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/img_641aacb2ea57f.png","articleSection":["Enterprise Architecture","TOGAF"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/togaf-adm-top-10-techniques-part-3-architecture-patterns\/","name":"TOGAF ADM: 10 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n 3: M\u1eabu Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac - 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