S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\nB\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n
M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
\n- Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau:<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n
![\"Simple](\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/simple-vending-machine-uml-state-machine-diagram-with-annotations.png\")
<\/p>\n
Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n
Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sau:<\/p>\n
\n- Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “
\u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n- Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra.<\/li>\n- N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n- N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang ph\u00e1t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n- Sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n- Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n- N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nM\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
![\"Detailed](\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png\")
<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, xem x\u00e9t th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau: \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sau: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “\u0110ang ch\u1edd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u0110ang nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdnTr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,7,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sysml","category-uml","category-visual-modeling"],"yoast_head":"\nTr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau: \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. 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Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","og_description":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau: \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sau: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “\u0110ang ch\u1edd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u0110ang nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdnTr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5","og_url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-02-05T15:36:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":656,"height":508,"url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"vpadmin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"6 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/"},"headline":"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5","datePublished":"2026-02-05T15:36:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/"},"wordCount":2510,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","articleSection":["SysML","UML","Visual Modeling"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","name":"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","datePublished":"2026-02-05T15:36:38+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/292e97a06c90d6d605ddfd451bfdfe6f"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","width":656,"height":508},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"SysML","item":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/category\/sysml\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/","name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","description":"Smart guides for an AI-driven world","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6763\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n
M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n
- Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n
Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sau:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “
\u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n- Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra.<\/li>\n- N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n- N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang ph\u00e1t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n- Sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n- Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
\u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n- N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nM\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u1eeba cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, xem x\u00e9t th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau: \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sau: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “\u0110ang ch\u1edd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u0110ang nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdnTr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,7,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sysml","category-uml","category-visual-modeling"],"yoast_head":"\n
Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau: \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. 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Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c phi tuy\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110ang ch\u1edd: \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau: \u0110ang ch\u1edd \u2192 Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u2192 \u0110ang ch\u1edd: khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho giao d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp theo B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. M\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sau: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “\u0110ang ch\u1edd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u0110ang nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n ra. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdnTr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5","og_url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-02-05T15:36:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":656,"height":508,"url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"vpadmin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"6 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/"},"headline":"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5","datePublished":"2026-02-05T15:36:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/"},"wordCount":2510,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/detailed-vending-machine-state-machine-diagram-with-annotation.png","articleSection":["SysML","UML","Visual Modeling"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","url":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/visualizing-system-behavior-a-practical-guide-to-state-diagrams-with-examples\/","name":"Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a H\u00e0nh vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi C\u00e1c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 - 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Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i
- Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “