{"id":6805,"date":"2026-02-06T01:29:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T17:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-2of5\/"},"modified":"2026-02-06T01:29:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T17:29:34","slug":"mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-2of5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-2of5\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 2 trong 5)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<h2>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i chi nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i xe ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xe \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"From conceptual to logical to physical ERD\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1276\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/from-conceptual-to-logical-to-physical-erd.png\" width=\"606\"\/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u xe, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed thu\u00ea cho m\u1ed7i xe n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ER) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Thu\u00ea, Thu\u00ea Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec Xe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex justify-between\">\n<h2 class=\"text-gray-400 flex self-end lg:self-center justify-center mt-2 gap-3 md:gap-4 lg:gap-1 lg:absolute lg:top-0 lg:translate-x-full lg:right-0 lg:mt-0 lg:pl-2 visible\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m H\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, M\u1eabu xe, N\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh cardinality:<\/strong>T\u00ednh cardinality m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ednh cardinality gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-\u0111a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>B\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ban \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ednh cardinality v\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, h\u00e3y ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex-1 overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-zuvmc-79elbk h-full dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"react-scroll-to-bottom--css-zuvmc-1n7m0yu\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col items-center text-sm dark:bg-gray-800\">\n<div class=\"group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-grow flex-col gap-3\">\n<div class=\"min-h-[20px] flex flex-col items-start gap-4 whitespace-pre-wrap\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, logic v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flex justify-between\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, Logic v\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"absolute bottom-0 left-0 w-full border-t md:border-t-0 dark:border-white\/20 md:border-transparent md:dark:border-transparent md:bg-vert-light-gradient bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 md:!bg-transparent dark:md:bg-vert-dark-gradient pt-2\">\n<form class=\"stretch mx-2 flex flex-row gap-3 last:mb-2 md:mx-4 md:last:mb-6 lg:mx-auto lg:max-w-3xl\">\n<div class=\"relative flex h-full flex-1 md:flex-col\">\n<div class=\"flex ml-1 md:w-full md:m-auto md:mb-2 gap-0 md:gap-2 justify-center\">\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBMS) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic:<\/strong> Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a DBMS m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n logic x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, c\u00f2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<h2>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3: Car, Customer, Rental v\u00e0 Maintenance. M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 car_id, model, make, year, daily_rate, fuel_type, is_available cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car, first_name, last_name, email, phone_number v\u00e0 address cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Customer, start_date, end_date, rental_rate, insurance_charge, fuel_charge cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Rental, v\u00e0 type, description, cost, maintenance_date cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Maintenance.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Rental gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car v\u00e0 Rental, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Customer Rental gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Rental v\u00e0 Customer, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Car Maintenance gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car v\u00e0 Maintenance.<\/p>\n<div class=\"group w-full text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 border-b border-black\/10 dark:border-gray-900\/50 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-[#444654]\">\n<div class=\"text-base gap-4 md:gap-6 md:max-w-2xl lg:max-w-2xl xl:max-w-3xl p-4 md:py-6 flex lg:px-0 m-auto\">\n<div class=\"relative flex w-[calc(100%-50px)] flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3 lg:w-[calc(100%-115px)]\">\n<p><img alt=\"Car rental conceptual ERD\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1279\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/car-rental-conceptual-erd.png\" width=\"358\"\/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"adCJKkW\">Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic bao g\u1ed3m k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (\u201crents\u201d, \u201crented by\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201crequires\u201d) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Car rental logical ERD\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1277\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/car-rental-logical-erd.png\" width=\"496\"\/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"adCJKkW\">Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#8216;s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u&#8217; cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a DBMS.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb_reserved (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: order -&gt; purchase_order, desc -&gt; description)<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u1ed9t \u2018desc\u2019 trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Maintenance \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u2018description\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Car rental physical ERD\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1278\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"553\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/car-rental-physical-erd.png\" width=\"485\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ERD th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea xe v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh cardinality gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD logic nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00e3 SQL \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>T\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Car (<br \/>\ncar_id INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nmodel VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\nmake VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\nn\u0103m INT,<br \/>\nrate_h\u00e0ng_ng\u00e0y DECIMAL(10, 2),<br \/>\nlo\u1ea1i_nhi\u00ean_li\u1ec7u VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\n\u0111ang_c\u00f3_s\u1eb5n BOOLEAN<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Customer (<br \/>\ncustomer_id INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nt\u00ean VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\nh\u1ecd VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\nemail VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\ns\u1ed1_\u0111i\u1ec7n_tho\u1ea1i VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\n\u0111\u1ecba_ch\u1ec9 VARCHAR(255)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Rental (<br \/>\nrental_id INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\nng\u00e0y_b\u1eaft_\u0111\u1ea7u DATE,<br \/>\nng\u00e0y_k\u1ebft_th\u00fac DATE,<br \/>\nrate_thu\u00ea DECIMAL(10, 2),<br \/>\nph\u00ed_b\u1ea3o_hi\u1ec3m DECIMAL(10, 2),<br \/>\nph\u00ed_nhi\u00ean_li\u1ec7u DECIMAL(10, 2),<br \/>\ncar_id INT,<br \/>\ncustomer_id INT,<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (car_id) THAM_CHI\u1ebeU Car(car_id),<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (customer_id) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Customer(customer_id)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG Maintenance (<br \/>\nmaintenance_id INT KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH,<br \/>\ntype VARCHAR(255),<br \/>\ndescription TEXT,<br \/>\ncost DECIMAL(10, 2),<br \/>\nmaintenance_date DATE,<br \/>\ncar_id INT,<br \/>\nKH\u00d3A NGO\u1ea0I (car_id) THAM CHI\u1ebeU \u0110\u1ebeN Car(car_id)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m sang c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 logic v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 sang c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. ERD logic thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh cardinality gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, trong khi ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3 SQL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh ERD \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ERD.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i chi nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i xe ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xe \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u xe, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed thu\u00ea cho m\u1ed7i xe n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ER) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Thu\u00ea, Thu\u00ea Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec Xe. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m H\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, M\u1eabu xe, N\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xe. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh cardinality:T\u00ednh cardinality m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ednh cardinality gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-\u0111a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:B\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ban \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ednh cardinality v\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c: Th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, h\u00e3y ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-2of5\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 2 trong 5)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-modeling-database"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 2 trong 5) - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-2of5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 2 trong 5) - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i chi nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i xe ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xe \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u xe, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed thu\u00ea cho m\u1ed7i xe n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ER) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Thu\u00ea, Thu\u00ea Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec Xe. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m H\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, M\u1eabu xe, N\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xe. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh cardinality:T\u00ednh cardinality m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ednh cardinality gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-\u0111a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:B\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ban \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ednh cardinality v\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c: Th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, h\u00e3y ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-2of5\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 2 trong 5) - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","og_description":"Tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty cho thu\u00ea xe c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i chi nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i xe ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c xe \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u xe, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed thu\u00ea cho m\u1ed7i xe n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho t\u1eebng xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thu\u00ea xe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email. C\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea v\u00e0 doanh thu ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Entiti-Quan h\u1ec7 (ER) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Thu\u00ea, Thu\u00ea Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec Xe. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho thu\u00ea xe, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m Xe, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Thu\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m H\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, M\u1eabu xe, N\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xe. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh cardinality:T\u00ednh cardinality m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ednh cardinality gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-\u0111a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:B\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Xe v\u00e0 Thu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ban \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ednh cardinality v\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c: Th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Car ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, h\u00e3y ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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