{"id":6807,"date":"2026-02-06T01:32:22","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T17:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-part-1-of-5\/"},"modified":"2026-02-06T01:32:22","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T17:32:22","slug":"mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-part-1-of-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-part-1-of-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 1 trong 5)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc:<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, b\u1ecf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, xem l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u00e3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD)<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-entity-relationship-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/a> (ERD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. ERD bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tham gia:<\/strong>Tham gia m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 xem m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m n\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD - Small Loan System - Visual Paradigm Community Circle\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ERD-Small-Loan-System.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d, \u201cEmail\u201d, \u201cChuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGPA\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 l\u1edbp\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d, \u201cTh\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd cho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cCho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cC\u00f3\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD:<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD:<\/strong>Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"Student and Course Registration ERD\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1004\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Student-and-Course-Registration-ERD.png\" width=\"582\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/strong>C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tham gia:<\/strong>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tham gia c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. Visual Paradigm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/strong>Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao Visual Paradigm l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\">Visual Paradigm<\/a>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Visual Paradigm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Fortune 500) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean hay chuy\u00ean gia, Visual Paradigm cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c quan, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng PlantUML. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER v\u00e0 n\u00eau b\u1eadt c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1, tham gia, kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t Visual Paradigm l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Fortune 500). T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/templates\/entity-relationship-diagram\/\">M\u1eabu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, b\u1ecf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, xem l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u00e3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. ERD bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD bao g\u1ed3m: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tham gia:Tham gia m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 xem m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m n\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d, \u201cEmail\u201d, \u201cChuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGPA\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 l\u1edbp\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d, \u201cTh\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd cho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cCho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cC\u00f3\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD: Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD:Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1eb9o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-part-1-of-5\/\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 1 trong 5)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6808,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_eb_attr":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-modeling-database"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 1 trong 5) - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-part-1-of-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 1 trong 5) - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, b\u1ecf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, xem l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u00e3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. ERD bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD bao g\u1ed3m: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tham gia:Tham gia m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 xem m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m n\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d, \u201cEmail\u201d, \u201cChuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGPA\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 l\u1edbp\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d, \u201cTh\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd cho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cCho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cC\u00f3\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD: Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD:Sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. 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Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/mastering-er-modeling-a-step-by-step-guide-with-real-world-examples-part-1-of-5\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (Ph\u1ea7n 1 trong 5) - Visual Paradigm Guides Vietnamese","og_description":"M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, b\u1ecf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, xem l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u00e3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, x\u00f3a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. ERD bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD bao g\u1ed3m: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh thoi \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tham gia:Tham gia m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 xem m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m n\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:Ti\u1ebfp theo, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d, \u201cEmail\u201d, \u201cChuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGPA\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3\u201d, \u201cT\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 l\u1edbp\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cNg\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d, \u201cTh\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cID\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u201d. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd cho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cSinh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cCho\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cC\u00f3\u201d gi\u1eefa \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cM\u00f4n h\u1ecdc\u201d. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD: Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. 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